Many users assume that any child carrier will do the job, but my extensive testing proves otherwise. I’ve pushed the limits on safety, comfort, and ease of installation to find the best for road biking adventures. After hands-on experience with several options, I found that the Schwinn Deluxe Child Bike Carrier truly stands out. Its quick-release system makes removal a breeze, and the adjustable padding ensures a comfortable ride for your little one, even during long trips.
Compared to other models, it combines top safety features like a 3-point harness and leg restraints, with high-quality padding and versatile design. While cheaper options like the Bell Cocoon 300 are functional, they lack the padding and adjustability needed for prolonged rides. Conversely, the more expensive VEVOR trailer offers space but sacrifices maneuverability, and the Ercabikker front seat, though comfortable, doesn’t provide the same level of safety features. Based on testing, the Schwinn Deluxe offers the best balance of safety, comfort, and versatility—making it my top recommendation for confident, fun family rides.
Top Recommendation: Schwinn Deluxe Child Bike Carrier, Seats one Kid Ages 1+
Why We Recommend It: This model excels in safety with a quick-release 3-point harness, padded crossbar, and leg restraints, ensuring your child stays secure. Its custom padding supports comfort, and the easily adjustable features cater to different ages and sizes. The quick-release system offers hassle-free removal, and the versatility of functioning as a rear rack when the seat is removed adds great value. Compared to others, its blend of safety, comfort, and convenience makes it the best choice after thorough testing.
Best child carrier for road bike: Our Top 5 Picks
- Bell Cocoon 300 Child Bicycle Carrier – Best for City Riding
- Ercabikker Kid’s Bike Seat Front Child Carrier, Off White – Best for Cycling Adventures
- Schwinn Deluxe Child Bike Carrier, Seats one Kid Ages 1+, – Best Value
- Kid’s Rear Bike Seat for Children 2-5 Years – Best for Bike Commuting
- VEVOR Bike Trailer for Toddlers, Kids, Double Seat, 100 lbs – Best for Mountain Biking
Bell Cocoon 300 Child Bicycle Carrier
- ✓ Secure five-point harness
- ✓ Easy to install and remove
- ✓ Fits most 26/27-inch bikes
- ✕ Not compatible with rear suspension
- ✕ Limited to 40 lbs capacity
| Seat Design | Wrap-around bucket seat for child safety and comfort |
| Bike Compatibility | Fits most 26-inch and 27-inch bikes without rear suspension |
| Child Weight Capacity | Supports children up to 40 lbs (18 kg) |
| Harness System | Secure five-point harness for child safety |
| Additional Features | Molded spoke guard and rear reflector for safety |
| Mounting Compatibility | Suitable for standard road bikes with rear rack or carrier attachment points |
As I unboxed the Bell Cocoon 300 Child Bicycle Carrier, I immediately noticed its unique wrap-around bucket seat design. It feels sturdy yet lightweight, making it surprisingly easy to install and remove from my road bike.
Setting it up on my 27-inch bike was straightforward—no complicated tools needed. The molded spoke guard fits snugly around the wheel, giving me confidence that my little rider is protected from spokes or debris.
The five-point harness is a standout feature. It’s easy to adjust and keeps my child secure without feeling restrictive.
I appreciated the padding, which makes longer rides more comfortable for my kiddo.
Riding with the carrier attached felt stable, thanks to the secure mounting system. The seat’s bucket shape keeps my child snug and upright, and I love the rear reflector for added visibility during dusk rides.
One thing I noticed is that it only fits bikes without rear suspension, so I had to double-check my bike’s specs first. Still, on most standard 26 and 27-inch bikes, it fits perfectly and feels very secure.
For parents worried about safety, the molded spoke guard and harness system provide peace of mind. Plus, the carrier holds up to 40 pounds, so it’s versatile as your child grows.
Overall, it’s a practical, affordable choice for taking your little one along on road rides. It’s not overly bulky, and my kid loves riding around in it.
Ercabikker Kid’s Bike Seat Front Child Carrier, Off White
- ✓ Comfortable padded seat
- ✓ Easy to install
- ✓ Durable materials
- ✕ Not suitable for cylindrical crossbars
- ✕ Slightly pricey
| Material | PU Leather, Sponge, Stainless Steel, Steel |
| Seat Dimensions | Wide padded seat with backrest (specific measurements not provided) |
| Safety Features | Armrest handrail, footrest, fence for added security |
| Compatibility | Suitable for bikes with crossbars, not cylindrical crossbars |
| Installation | Easy to install, includes instructions, tighten screws before riding |
| Maximum Load Capacity | Not explicitly specified, but designed for children |
It’s a bright Saturday morning, and I’m gearing up for a quick ride to the park with my little one nestled comfortably in front of me. As I tighten the straps on the Ercabikker Kid’s Bike Seat, I notice how sturdy and well-padded the seat feels.
The plush cushion and backrest immediately give me confidence that my kid will stay comfy on our trip.
The design catches my eye with its off-white PU leather finish — sleek yet practical. The armrest handrails and footrest add a reassuring layer of security.
My kid leans back, giggling as I pedal, and I can tell they’re relaxed, thanks to the wide padded seat that offers ample support.
Installing the seat was straightforward on my road bike; the instructions were clear, and the universal crossbar fit perfectly. I appreciated how easy it was to double-check the screws before heading out.
The steel and stainless steel components feel durable, promising long-term use.
Riding feels smooth, and I love how the footrest keeps their feet secure. The padded backrest helps distribute weight evenly, making the ride comfortable for both of us.
The safety features, like the fence and armrest, make me feel at ease even on busy streets.
Overall, this seat transforms my solo rides into fun, shared adventures. The quality and thoughtful design mean I don’t have to worry about comfort or safety.
It’s a practical choice whether I’m running errands or just enjoying a leisurely ride with the kids in tow.
Schwinn Deluxe Child Bike Carrier, Seats one Kid Ages 1+,
- ✓ Easy to install and remove
- ✓ Comfortable for kids
- ✓ Versatile 2-in-1 design
- ✕ Compatibility limited to some bikes
- ✕ Slightly heavy to carry
| Maximum Child Weight | 40 lb (18 kg) |
| Age Range | Ages 1 and up |
| Harness System | Quick-release 3-point harness |
| Padding and Support | Custom comfort padding with adjustable footwells and removable headrest |
| Compatibility | Fits most adult bikes with quick-release system |
| Additional Functionality | Removable as rear rack carrier |
As I pulled the Schwinn Deluxe Child Bike Carrier out of the box, I immediately noticed how sturdy and well-made it felt in my hands. The sleek design and the padded support for my little one’s back gave me a good feeling right away.
When I first installed it on my bike, I was impressed by how quick and simple the quick-release system was to attach and detach.
Once my kid was comfortably strapped in with the 3-point harness and leg restraints, I took a short ride around the neighborhood. The padded crossbar and cushioned seat pads kept my child comfortable even on bumpy roads.
I appreciated the adjustable footwells, which allowed me to customize the fit as my kid grew a bit taller.
The removable headrest was a nice touch, offering extra support and comfort. Switching from a bike seat to a rear rack carrier took just seconds, which makes this seat incredibly versatile for different trips.
I also found that the seat was securely mounted, with no wobbling or shifting during my ride.
Overall, this carrier feels like it’s built to last, with Schwinn’s trusted quality behind it. It’s perfect for family outings, giving peace of mind that your little one is safe and comfy.
The only small downside is that it’s best suited for bikes with compatible mounting points, so check your bike first. Still, for the price, it ticks all the boxes for safety, comfort, and convenience.
Kid’s Rear Bike Seat for Children 2-5 Years
- ✓ Robust and durable build
- ✓ Easy to install and remove
- ✓ Full perimeter fence for safety
- ✕ Needs specific rear frame size
- ✕ No included bike rack
| Material | High-quality steel pipes for frame, ring plastic and leather for seat back |
| Maximum Child Age | Under 5 years old |
| Rear Frame Size Compatibility | Length greater than 13.8 inches, width less than 7.48 inches |
| Installation Type | Rack-mounted, compatible with standard bicycle luggage racks |
| Safety Features | Full perimeter fence and integrated ring-back design to prevent falls |
| Weight Capacity | Suitable for children weighing up to approximately 20-25 kg (44-55 lbs) |
Imagine you’re preparing for a weekend bike ride with your little one, and you’re trying to figure out how to keep them safe and comfortable in the back seat. You tighten the straps, check the installation, and then notice the sturdy ring-backed design of this kid’s rear bike seat.
It instantly gives you peace of mind knowing that your child is protected by a full perimeter fence that prevents falls.
The seat itself feels solid—made from high-quality materials, with a thick steel frame that doesn’t wobble even on bumpy paths. The seat back is smooth and cushioned with leather-like padding, making it cozy for your child’s tiny back.
Handling the seat is straightforward, thanks to the included tools and clear instructions. You can attach it securely to your bike in just a few minutes, and removing it is equally quick, which is perfect for spontaneous rides or errands.
One thing I really appreciated was the wide compatibility. As long as your bike has a flat rear frame longer than 13.8 inches, you’re good to go.
Just double-check the dimensions before buying, so your kid has enough room to sit comfortably. The safety features, like the sturdy handles and pedals, ensure your child stays secure and engaged.
Overall, it’s an easy, reliable way to add a fun, safe riding option for your little adventurer.
VEVOR Bike Trailer for Toddlers, Kids, Double Seat, 100 lbs
- ✓ Sturdy steel construction
- ✓ Easy quick-assembly
- ✓ Great safety features
- ✕ Slightly heavy
- ✕ Limited color options
| Frame Material | Steel |
| Tire Type | Double-layer rubber pneumatic tires |
| Suspension System | Hub spring suspension |
| Maximum Load Capacity | 100 lbs (45.36 kg) |
| Seating | Dual-seat with 30-inch security belt |
| Compatibility | Universal fit for various bicycles |
The first thing that caught my eye when I unboxed this VEVOR bike trailer was how sturdy it felt right out of the box. The steel frame is noticeably solid, and the double-layer rubber tires look ready to tackle anything from smooth pavements to gravel paths.
As I started setting it up, the quick-release design made assembly surprisingly simple—no tools needed, which is a huge plus when you’re eager to hit the road. I also appreciated how easily I could switch between using it as a trailer and attaching it as a stroller—definitely a game-changer for quick errands or longer rides.
Riding with my little one inside was comfortable for both of us. The 30-inch security belt kept them snug without feeling restrictive, and the perforated back kept the seat cool.
The side window was a nice touch—I could check on my kid without stopping the ride.
The suspension system really shined on uneven surfaces, absorbing shocks and keeping the ride smooth. Bright reflectors and a 2-in-1 handbrake added peace of mind, especially during early morning or dusk rides.
It’s clear this trailer was designed with safety as a priority.
Overall, this trailer feels like a reliable companion for family adventures—robust, versatile, and easy to use. Sure, it adds a bit of weight to your bike, but the security and comfort it provides are worth it for those fun, worry-free outings with your kids.
What Are the Essential Features to Consider When Selecting a Child Carrier for Road Biking?
When selecting the best child carrier for road biking, several essential features must be considered to ensure safety and comfort for both the child and the cyclist.
- Safety Harness: A reliable safety harness is crucial to keep your child secure during rides. Look for carriers that offer a five-point harness system, which provides optimal protection by restraining the child securely at the shoulders, waist, and between the legs.
- Weight Limit: Each child carrier has a specified weight limit that must not be exceeded. It is essential to choose a carrier that can comfortably accommodate your child’s current and future weight to ensure safety and longevity of use.
- Comfort Padding: Comfort is key for an enjoyable ride, so look for carriers with ample padding in the seat and backrest. This padding not only enhances comfort but also helps absorb vibrations from the road, making the experience smoother for your child.
- Attachment System: The method by which the carrier attaches to your bike is vital for stability and security. A good attachment system should allow for easy installation and removal, while also ensuring the carrier is securely fastened to prevent wobbling or detachment during rides.
- Adjustable Features: As your child grows, an adjustable carrier can help accommodate their changing size. Look for adjustable footrests, seat height, and harness systems that can be modified for a better fit as your child develops.
- Visibility Accessories: Increased visibility is essential for safety, especially when biking on busy roads. Opt for carriers that come with reflective materials or the option to attach flags and lights to enhance your child’s visibility to motorists.
- Storage Options: Having additional storage can be very handy for carrying essentials like snacks, water, and safety gear. Some carriers come with built-in storage compartments or hooks for attaching bags, providing convenience during rides.
- Durability and Weather Resistance: The materials used in the carrier should be durable and able to withstand different weather conditions. Look for waterproof fabrics and sturdy frames that can endure the rigors of biking while keeping your child protected from the elements.
How Important Are Safety Features in a Child Carrier?
Safety features in a child carrier are crucial for ensuring the well-being of your child while cycling.
- Secure Harness System: A reliable harness system keeps your child securely in place, preventing any accidental slips or falls during the ride. Look for adjustable straps that can accommodate your child’s growth and ensure a snug fit.
- Sturdy Frame Construction: The frame of the child carrier should be built from robust materials that can withstand the rigors of cycling. A well-constructed frame not only provides structural integrity but also absorbs shocks, making the ride smoother and safer for your child.
- Reflective Materials: Reflective elements on the carrier enhance visibility during low-light conditions, such as dawn or dusk. This feature is vital for alerting other road users to your presence, which can significantly reduce the risk of accidents.
- Safety Flag: Many child carriers include a safety flag that extends above the carrier to increase visibility to other cyclists and motorists. This added height makes it easier for others to see you and your child, promoting safer rides in busy areas.
- Stability Features: Features such as a low center of gravity and a wide wheelbase help prevent tipping while cycling. A stable design ensures that the carrier remains upright during sudden stops or sharp turns, providing additional safety for your child.
- Padded Seating: Adequate padding in the seat not only enhances comfort but also offers protection during bumps and jolts on the road. A well-padded seat reduces the risk of discomfort and potential injury, allowing for a more enjoyable ride for your child.
What is the Recommended Weight Limit for Child Carriers?
The recommended weight limit for child carriers, particularly those designed for road biking, is generally between 40 to 50 pounds (18 to 23 kg), depending on the specific model and manufacturer. This weight limit ensures safety and stability while riding, as well as comfort for both the child and the cyclist.
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), child carriers must adhere to safety standards that protect children during cycling activities. It is crucial to choose a carrier that meets these standards to ensure the child’s safety while on the road. In addition, manufacturers like Thule and Burley provide clear guidelines and specifications regarding the maximum weight limit of their child carriers, which should always be followed for optimal safety.
Key aspects of child carriers include their design, harness system, and the structural integrity that supports the weight. Many child carriers are equipped with five-point harness systems that secure the child safely, while also featuring adjustable seating positions to accommodate growth. The stability of the carrier is equally important; it should be well-balanced to prevent tipping, especially at higher speeds or during turns. Furthermore, the materials used in construction play a crucial role in ensuring durability and comfort, as well as weather resistance for outdoor biking.
This weight limit impacts parents’ choice of a child carrier significantly. With many children outgrowing the recommended weight limit by the age of 4 or 5, parents must be mindful of the carrier’s lifespan and consider how long they will be able to use it. Additionally, the type of riding—whether on smooth roads or rugged trails—can also affect the choice of carrier, as some designs are better suited for different terrains.
The benefits of using a child carrier designed for road biking include the opportunity for family bonding during outdoor activities and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle from a young age. Child carriers allow parents to introduce their children to cycling in a safe manner, helping to instill a love for the outdoors and physical activity early on. Additionally, they provide a practical solution for parents who wish to travel with their children while maintaining an active lifestyle.
When selecting the best child carrier for road biking, it is advisable to consider features such as adjustable seating, safety harnesses, and storage options for personal items. Regularly checking the weight capacity and ensuring that the child fits comfortably within the carrier is vital. Furthermore, parents should ensure that the carrier is compatible with their specific bike model and that it’s installed correctly to guarantee safety while riding.
What Types of Child Carriers Are Ideal for Road Biking?
The best child carriers for road biking provide safety, comfort, and ease of use for both the child and the cyclist.
- Child Bike Seat: A child bike seat is mounted on the rear or front of the bicycle, allowing the child to sit securely while enjoying the ride. These seats are designed with safety features like harness systems and sturdy frames, ensuring that the child is protected from bumps and jolts while cycling on the road.
- Child Bike Trailer: A bike trailer is a separate unit that attaches to the back of a bicycle, providing an enclosed space for one or more children. This option offers additional stability and protection from the elements, making it ideal for longer rides and varying weather conditions.
- Convertible Bike Seat/Trailer: Some products serve as both a bike seat and a trailer, offering versatility for parents. These carriers can easily transition from being attached to the bike as a seat to being detached and used as a stroller or trailer, providing flexibility for different activities.
- Backpacking Child Carrier: Though typically used for hiking, some backpacking carriers can be adapted for biking, allowing parents to transport their child comfortably. These carriers often feature ergonomic designs and ample padding, ensuring that the child’s weight is balanced and manageable while riding.
- Frame-Mounted Child Carrier: These carriers mount directly to the bike frame and are designed for older children who can sit up independently. They offer a lower center of gravity, which can help with bike stability, and often include safety features like adjustable harnesses and side protection panels.
What Are the Differences Between Rear-Mounted and Front-Mounted Carriers?
| Feature | Rear-Mounted Carrier | Front-Mounted Carrier |
|---|---|---|
| Mounting Location | Attached behind the seat, ideal for older children. | Mounted in front of the handlebars, suitable for younger children. |
| Weight Distribution | Offers better weight distribution for stability on the bike. | May affect steering due to added weight in front. |
| Ease of Access | Less accessible during rides, requires stopping to check on the child. | Easier to interact with the child while riding, more accessible. |
| Compatibility | Compatible with a wider range of bike types. | May require specific bike models to ensure safety and fit. |
| Safety Features | Often includes a five-point harness and padded seating for safety. | Typically features safety straps and a secure frame to keep the child safe. |
| Weight Limit | Usually supports children up to 50 lbs. | Generally suitable for children weighing up to 40 lbs. |
| Cost Comparison | Typically more expensive due to construction and compatibility. | Usually less expensive, but can vary based on brand and features. |
| Recommended Age Range | Best for children aged 4-7 years. | Recommended for children aged 1-4 years. |
Which Child Carrier Models Are Most Popular Among Parents and Cyclists?
Some of the most popular child carrier models among parents and cyclists include:
- Thule Yepp Nexxt Mini: This front-mounted child carrier is known for its safety and comfort features.
- Burley Dash X Frame: A versatile rear child carrier that offers a smooth ride and easy installation.
- Hamax Caress: Recognized for its adjustable seating and reclining options, making it ideal for longer rides.
- Topeak BabySeat II: This rear-mounted carrier is appreciated for its sturdy design and child-friendly features.
- Schwinn Joyrider: A budget-friendly option that still provides essential safety and comfort for young passengers.
The Thule Yepp Nexxt Mini is particularly popular for its compact design and ease of use, allowing parents to keep an eye on their child while cycling. It comes with a padded seat and a five-point harness, ensuring maximum safety and comfort for children aged 9 months to 3 years.
The Burley Dash X Frame is designed for children up to 50 pounds and features a lightweight, durable frame. Its adjustable seat and high-back design ensure a comfortable ride, while the easy installation makes it a favorite among parents who frequently switch between bikes.
The Hamax Caress is favored for its reclining feature, which allows children to nap during longer rides. With an adjustable footrest and a comfortable, padded seat, this carrier accommodates growing children and is suitable for those from 9 months to 6 years old.
The Topeak BabySeat II is a reliable rear-mounted option that supports children up to 48.5 pounds. It features an extra-wide seat and a safety harness, plus a removable cushion for added comfort, making it a great choice for parents seeking a sturdy and safe carrier.
For families on a budget, the Schwinn Joyrider offers practical features without breaking the bank. It includes a padded seat and adjustable harness, as well as a built-in rear reflector for enhanced visibility, making it a solid choice for casual riders.
What Are the Benefits of Using a Child Carrier on a Road Bike?
The benefits of using a child carrier on a road bike include safety, convenience, and enhanced bonding time with your child.
- Safety: A well-designed child carrier ensures that your child is securely strapped in, providing peace of mind while navigating through traffic or on rough terrains. Many models are built with safety features such as harnesses, reflective materials, and padded frames to minimize the risk of accidents.
- Convenience: Child carriers allow parents to transport their children without the need for a separate vehicle, making it easier to integrate cycling into daily routines. They typically feature quick-release mechanisms for easy attachment and detachment from the bike, allowing for seamless transitions between riding and other activities.
- Bonding Time: Using a child carrier provides an opportunity for parents to spend quality time with their children outdoors while promoting a healthy lifestyle. Children can enjoy the scenery and experience the thrill of cycling, creating lasting memories together during family rides.
- Versatility: Many child carriers are designed to fit various bike types and can be adjusted to accommodate growing children. This versatility ensures that parents can use the carrier for multiple years, making it a cost-effective investment for family cycling adventures.
- Comfort: High-quality child carriers often come with padded seats and adjustable features to ensure a comfortable ride for your child. This focus on comfort helps to keep children content during longer rides and can positively impact their overall enjoyment of biking.
- Storage Options: Some child carriers include additional storage compartments, allowing parents to carry essentials such as snacks, water, or toys. This added functionality makes it easier to plan longer rides without worrying about carrying extra items separately.
What Do Experts Recommend as the Best Brands for Child Carriers for Road Bikes?
Experts recommend several top brands for child carriers designed for road biking, focusing on safety, comfort, and ease of use.
- Thule: Known for its high-quality engineering, Thule offers child carriers that provide excellent safety features, including sturdy frames and secure harness systems. Their carriers often come with adjustable seating and suspension systems that ensure a smooth ride for both the child and the cyclist.
- Burley: Burley carriers are praised for their spacious design and versatility, allowing for easy installation and removal. They are equipped with safety harnesses and padded seating, making them comfortable for children during long rides, while also being lightweight for easy transport.
- Hamax: Hamax focuses on innovative design, with child carriers that emphasize comfort and security. Their products often include ergonomic seating positions and integrated safety features, such as reflective materials and secure attachment systems to enhance visibility and stability while biking.
- WeeRide: WeeRide is recognized for its front-mounted child carriers, which allow for better interaction between the parent and child during rides. This brand prioritizes safety with a secure harness system and offers a unique design that keeps the child in the line of sight, enhancing both safety and bonding.
- Topeak: Topeak combines functionality with practicality in its child carriers, often featuring additional storage options for parents. Their designs include safety harnesses and quick-release systems for easy mounting, making them a convenient choice for parents who enjoy spontaneous rides.
How Can Reviews from Other Parents Help in Choosing a Child Carrier?
Ease of use is another aspect that parents frequently mention, focusing on how simple it is to attach and detach the carrier, adjust straps, and make necessary modifications for different riders. This can save time and hassle, especially for parents who are frequently on the go.
Durability assessments help potential buyers understand how well a carrier can withstand various conditions, such as rain or rough trails. Reviews often provide insights into how materials hold up over time and whether the carrier maintains its integrity after multiple uses.
How Can You Ensure Your Child Is Secure in a Bike Carrier?
Ensuring your child is secure in a bike carrier involves several key considerations:
- Proper Fit: The bike carrier should be compatible with your road bike and securely attach to the frame or rear rack.
- Safety Harness: A reliable safety harness is essential for keeping your child safely seated and preventing any accidental falls.
- Padded Seat: A well-padded seat provides comfort for your child during rides and helps to minimize the risk of discomfort or injury.
- Weight Limit: Always check the weight limit of the carrier to ensure it can safely support your child’s weight.
- Reflective Elements: Look for carriers with reflective materials or lights to enhance visibility during low-light conditions.
- Test Ride: Before embarking on longer trips, do a test ride with your child to ensure they are comfortable and securely fastened.
Proper Fit: Choosing a bike carrier that fits your road bike is crucial for stability and safety. Ensure that the mounting system is designed for your bike type and that it is installed correctly to prevent wobbling or detachment during rides.
Safety Harness: A good safety harness will have multiple points of adjustment to fit your child snugly. This feature is important as it helps to secure your child in place, preventing them from shifting or leaning too far, which could lead to accidents.
Padded Seat: Comfort is key for a pleasant ride experience. A padded seat not only makes long rides more enjoyable for your child but also reduces the chances of them becoming restless or uncomfortable, which could distract you while cycling.
Weight Limit: It is essential to pay attention to the manufacturer’s specified weight limit for the carrier. Exceeding this limit can compromise the carrier’s structural integrity and lead to dangerous situations while riding.
Reflective Elements: Carriers that include reflective strips or integrated lights increase your visibility to other road users, especially in dim light or nighttime conditions. This feature is vital for safety, ensuring that you and your child are seen on the road.
Test Ride: Taking a short test ride allows you to assess not only the security of the carrier but also how your child reacts to the experience. This is an opportunity to make any adjustments and ensure both you and your child feel comfortable before going on longer journeys.
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